Thaddeus hyatt



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T. HYATT.

OONORETE FLOOR, ROOF, 50. f

No. 290,886. .Patented Deo. 25, 1883.

siren Starts Baresi @tnica THADDEUS HYATT, OF NEWYOBKfH. Y.

CONCRETE FLOOR, ROOF, ao.

SPECIFICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 290,886, dated December25, 18E3.

Application filed December 3, 1983. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t 77mg/ concern:

Be it known that l, THAD'DnUs HYATT, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of New York, in the county of New York andState ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ConcreteRoofs, Floors, Pavements, and Area-Coverings, of which the following isa description, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,making part of this specifica tion.

My invention relates to iireproof concrete roofs, floors, androof-pavements, including area-coverings.

The object of my invention is to lessen cost of construction and makethe structure capable of admitting light without thereby exposing thepremises to the spread of flames in case of fire; and it consists of,iirst, a self-supporting concrete composite beam-arch; sec

.0nd, a self supporting concrete composite beam-arch lformed withopenings, after the manner of an illuminatinggrating, to admit light;third, a self-supporting concrete composite beam-arch formed withopenings, after the manner of an illuminetting-grating, in combinationwith glass to shut out the weather and admit light; fourth, a concretearch formed with openings, after the manner of an illuminating-grating,to admit light, fth, a concrete arch formed with openings, after themanner of an illuminating-grating, in combination with glass to shut outthe weather and admit light.

Figure lis a perspective view representing a self-supporting concretecomposite beamarch, a a indicating the beam portions outside of, and a aa indicating the arch portion between the broken lines b b. Fig. 2represents the same construction, but formed with openings, after themanner of an illuminating-grating, and set with glasses to give light.Fig. 8 represents a roof, floor, pavement, or construction made ofself-supporting concrete composite beam-arches. Fig. 4 represents aroof, iloor, pavement, or construction made of self supporting concretecomposite beamarches formed with openings, after t-he manner of anilluminating-grating,to admit light. Fig. 5 represents an illuminatingconcrete arch designed for being carried upon outside supports or beams.Fig. 6 represents a roof, iloor, pavement, or construction made ofilluminating concrete arches carried upon supports or beams.

A indicates concrete. als. B/ indicates web metals. BZ indicatessupports or beams. `C indicates ti.e-rods. l) indicates light-holes. Eindicates glasses. c indicates nuts on tie-rods. d indicates crosswiresof tie metals. i indicates 'the under or daring portion of thelight-holes.

Figs. l to 4 illustrate my invention in order to save the cost of ironbeams, the invention consisting in the introduction of tie-metalstrength into concrete-arches construction in manner as I haveheretofore employed it in the construction of solid concrete floors.

Where web metal B is shown, it is merely to illustrate the method of itsemployment. It would not be employed on one side of the arch only, butused for all the arches and in the beam portions of all. rFlic purposeot web metals is to add rigidity where the beamspan is great between thewalls or supports.

The eii'ect of tie metals placed in thehaunches B indicates tie metofthe arches is to convert that portion of the structure lying outsidethebroken line b b, and marked a. a, into a beam, the compressive portionof which is the concrete and the tensile` portion of which is the tiemetal; but it may be reasonably supposed that the curved portions lyingwithin and between the broken lines b b also enter into compressiveresistance to the load when the beam is under strain.

The rule for calculating the size and strength oi' the tie metals is thesame as for web and ilange beams, examples in illustration of which maybe found in my work entitled An Account of Some Experiments withPortland Cement Concrete Combined with Iron as a Building Material7copies of which work a e to be found in the Patent Office library and inother libraries, both in the United States and in England.

By the ordinary mode of building large openings or well-holes are cutthrough roof or iioor to admit light, the closures of which are notfire-proof, such openings materially aiding the spread of iiames in casethe building takes tire. Where such roof or floor is constructed ofconcrete arches it is evident that if the same IOO area of light-openingbe divided into small apertures and spread over alarger surface, as Ihave represented in Fig. 4, no such danger can happen. n

Fig. l represents the perforated concrete arch closed by glasses, in theordinary manner of making patent-light Work; but Fig. 4 represents astructure Where the light-holes are left open and ready to receive glassfor the purpose of shutting out the Weather.

My object in representing a structure of open light-holes is to explainYVthat I donot limit the closing of these light-holes to glass blocksthat plug them like a cork; but in some cases I overlay the surface withplate, sheet, or pane glass, suitably glazed, in sashes made in somecases to be opened for ventilation. In other cases I mold ribs ofconcrete on the face of the roof and glaze the glass between them.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have represented the end arches only with tie-rods.They thus become abutments for the other arches and make tierods forthem unnecessary.

To protect the tie-rods themselves against re, I surround them with acoating of plasterof-paris, concrete, or other iireproofing material, asrepresented in Figs. l and 2.

Fig. represents au illuminating concrete arch designed to be employedwith metal beams, and Fig. G represents a roof, floor, or constructionmade by combining such arches with beams, as indicated at B2.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A selfsupporting concrete composite beam-arch, substantially as andfor the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

2.- A self-supporting concrete composite beam-arch formed with openings,after the manner of an illuminating-grating, to admit light.

3. A self-supporting concrete composite beam-arch formed with openings,after the manner of an illumimating-grating, in combination with glassto shut out the Weather and give light.

4. A roof, floor, pavement, or structure made of self-supportingconcrete composite beam-arches, substantially as and for the purposesherein set forth and illustrated.

5. A roof, floor, pavement, or structure made of self-supportingconcrete composite beam-arches formed with openings, after the manner ofan illuminating-grating, to admit light. Y Y

6. A roof, iioor, pavement, or structure made of self-supportingconcrete composite beam-arches formed with openings, after the manner ofan illuminating-grating, in combination with glass to shut out theWeather and admit light.

7. A concrete arch formed With openings, after the manner of anilluminating-grating, to admit light.

S. A concrete arch formed with openings,

.after the manner of an illuminating-grating,

in combination with glass to shut out the Weather and admit light.

9. A roof, floor, pavement, or structure made of concrete arches formedwith openings, after the manner of an illuminatinggrating, to admitlight, in combination with supports or beams, substantially as and forthe purposes herein set `forth and illustrated.

l0. A roof, ioor, pavement, or structure made of concrete arches formedwith openings, after the manner of an illuminatinggrating, incombination with glass to shut out the Weather and admit light, when thesame are combined with supports or beams, substantially as and for thepurposes herein set forth and illustrated.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

THADDEUSl HYATT. XVitnesses:

T. C. BRECHT, GUY DE MOTTE.

